《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(1): 29-43

果实花青素生物合成分子机制研究进展

王华, 李茂福, 杨媛, 金万梅^*

北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心, 农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室, 北京100093

通信作者：金万梅；E-mail: jwm0809@163.com；Tel: 010-62859105

摘　要：

花青素是一种天然的水溶性植物色素, 与果实的品质性状密切相关, 有益于人体健康。花青素的积累是编码花青素生物合成途径的结构基因协同表达的结果, 而结构基因通常由MYB、bHLH和WD40这3类调节基因控制。现已从果实中分离了多种花青素合成的结构基因和调节基因。文章重点介绍了调节基因调控果实花青素生物合成的分子机制, 指出在MYB、bHLH和WD40互作的调控网络方面的研究还有很多空白。最新的研究揭示了果实成熟过程中生物内在因素和外界环境通过调节基因影响果实花青素生物合成。上述研究为在分子水平上更好的探索果实花青素的生物合成具有重要意义。

关键词：果实; 花青素生物合成; 结构基因; 调节基因; 环境因子

收稿：2014-10-27   修定：2014-11-21

资助：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20140202和KJCX20140110)、北京市科委重大项目(D131100000113001)和科技部科技支撑项目(2013BAD02B03)。

Recent Advances on the Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Fruits

WANG Hua, LI Mao-Fu, YANG Yuan, JIN Wan-Mei^*

Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100093, China

Corresponding author: JIN Wan-Mei; E-mail: jwm0809@163.com; Tel: 010-62859105

Abstract:

Anthocyanins are important natural water-soluble, health-promoting pigments that have much effect on the quality of fruits. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in fruits is clear. Anthocyanin accumulation depends on coordinated expression of structural genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis. Structural gene expression is regulated by regulatory genes, including MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 classes. The structural genes and the key regulatory genes controlling the pathway have been isolated in many fruits. Here we reviewed the recent advances in molecular mechanisms of regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis, including classes, concentration and functions of anthocyanins, transcriptional regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis, microRNAs regulation, as well as the internal and external influences on anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits. Especially, we pointed many gaps remain in the regulatory network of MYB, bHLH and WD40 transcription factors. Furthermore, new discoveries have begun to reveal links between the internal influences (plant hormones, genetics, maturity, biological clock, etc.), external environmental influences (light, temperature, pH, nutrition, etc.) and the regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit ripening. These reserches favor the anthocyanin biosynthesis of fruits at the molecular level from the point of view of interaction between the regulatory networks.

Key words: fruit; anthocyanin biosynthesis; structural gene; regulatory gene; environmental factors